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Salzburg Protestants
The Salzburg Protestants were Protestants who lived in the Catholic state of Salzburg until the 18th century. In a series of persecutions ending in 1731, over 20,000 Protestants were expelled from their homeland by the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg. Their expulsion triggered protests from the Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire, and the King of Prussia offered to resettle them in his territory. Over 20,000 Salzburg Protestants accepted the Prussian offer and traveled the length of Germany to reach their new homes in Prussian Lithuania. The rest scattered to other Protestant states in Europe and the British colonies in America.
== Background ==
The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an ecclesiastical state within the Holy Roman Empire. The official religion was Roman Catholicism, and the state was ruled by a Prince-Archbishop. However, Lutheranism had gained a toehold in Salzburg, mostly in the mountains and valleys outside the city. In the 16th century, Lutheran ideas had entered Salzburg along with miners recruited from Saxony by Archbishop von Wellenburg. The mountain peasants were also in the habit of seeking seasonal work elsewhere in Germany, where they came into contact with the ideas of the Protestant Reformation. Literacy was widespread, and many Salzburgers owned Protestant books that had been brought in by travelers.
Under the Peace of Augsburg, the principle of Cuius regio, eius religio applied within the Empire. The ruler of each state could determine which religion could be practiced publicly in his territory. Dissenters only had the right to practice their religion privately or move to another state where it was the official religion. A three-year grace period was granted to sell off property and wind up one's financial affairs before emigrating.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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